Okay, so according to people in the Railroad Signals group on Facebook (one of whom was a signal maintainer for CSX on what's now the ATN), these were for a program where Emergency Services people could know ahead of time if a crossing was blocked or not.
Apparently the ATN would've gotten these as well at a few of their crossings, one of which would've been Dublin Avenue in Birmingham, AL, shortly after they took over the line from CSX, but Google Street View doesn't show any of these cameras at it:
https://www.google.com/maps/@33.5358005 ... 312!8i6656
Seeing as it involved two different railroads in two different parts of Alabama, I'm guessing it was a program the state of Alabama was experimenting with in the early 2000s, but I'm guessing the program failed (or at least didn't work as well as hoped), leaving these as likely the only remaining examples in the state (as far as I can tell).